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A
ATA (Analog Telephone Adapter): That is a device to covert analog voice signals
to digital signals which can then be transmitted over the Internet. It used to
connect a standard telephone to a computer or network so that the user can make
calls over the internet.
Auto Attendant: Part of an interactive voice response system that replaces
a human receptionist to route calls to the appropriate extensions or mailboxes such
as press 1 for sales, etc.
ACD (Automatic Call Distributor): This is a telephone facility that allows
for the distribution of incoming calls.
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line): This is a form of DSL, a
data communications technology that allows for faster connection speeds over telephone
lines.
Analogy Phone: Original telephone technology that is still used in most homes
and small offices, as analog is the process of taking an audio or video signal and
translating it into electronic pulses.
Automated Call Distribution (ACD): That is system that planned to reduce
the amount of time that an incoming caller waits to be connected to a departmental
representative, and to reduce the amount of time that a departmental representative
waits to be connected to an incoming caller.
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B
Band width: That is often used as a synonym for data transfer rate
the amount of data passing through a connection over a given time. It is usually
measured in bps.
BRI (Basic rate interface): Basic rate interface (BRI or ISDN2e) is an Integrated
Services Digital Network (ISDN) interface most likely to be found in residential
service. This configuration consists of two 64 Kbit/s "bearer" channels
(B channels) and one 16 kbit/s "data" channel (D channel).not touched
Broadband: That is wide band of frequencies available to transmit data. AS
a wide band of frequencies is offered, data can be multiplexed and sent on many
different frequencies or channels within one band simultaneously, provides a bandwidth
greater than 128 Kbit/s.
Busy Lamp Field: A set of lights or LEDs, found primarily on an attendant
console that visually indicates which phones on the system are in use.
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C
CDR (Call Detail Record): It is a data recorded used to record usage information
related to a telephone call on a per-call basis. This information might include
the incoming DDI, number dialled, start-time, call duration, the time calls was
made, etc.
Codec: It is a Voice encoding/decoding mechanism. For instance, telephone
companies apply codec to convert binary signals transmitted on their digital networks
to analog signals converted on their analog networks.
Compression: The process of encoding information using fewer units (bits)
than an un-encoded version would use through use of specific encoding schemes. VoIP
uses various compression ratios, the highest approximately 12:1. Compression varies
according to available bandwidth.
Convergence: It refers to separate technologies such as voice and telephony
features, data and productivity applications and video that now share resources
and interact with each other to allow for new and better efficiencies.
CTI (Computer-Telephony-Integration): This is technology that integrates
the functions of telephones with computers so that enable a computer to perform
as a call centre, accepting incoming calls and routing them to the proper device
or person.
Carrier: A telecom company that provides telecommunications circuits to offering
telephone and data communication.
CCTV (Closed Circuit TV): It is video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific
place (not publicly distributed) on a limited set of television monitors in the
local LAN or even at a remote location and can be viewed over the Internet.
CPE(Customer Premises Equipment): Equipments in communication system that
resides within the home or office, usually at or with a business or customer.
CPS (Carrier Pre-selection): It is a facility which allows customers to go
for defined classes of call to be carried out by a communication provider that they
select in advance with no need to dial a routing prefix, follow any other producer,
or use a dialler box.
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D
Data: It is a single piece of information, in telecommunications; data often
suggests digital-encoded information to distinguish it from analog-encoded information
such as conventional telephone voice calls.
Data Transfer Rate: The speed of travel of a given amount of data from one
place to another.
DECT: Digital European Cordless Telephony.
DID (Direct Inward Dialing): It is feature that allows a telephone
company to allocate individual phone numbers to each person within its PBX system.
It is also called DDI.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): It is a method of transferring data that lets
broadband internet digital connection to be carried over existing copper phone lines,
while still allowing the phone service carry analog signals over the same line.
Dynamic Jitter Buffer: It is software-based and can be configured by the
network administrator to adapt to changes in the network's delay. As ATA receives
voice packets they are stored briefly, rearranged and then processed in predefined
intervals to reduce distortion.
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E
E-1: A dedicated digital communication link provided by a European
telephone company that offers 2.048 megabits per second of bandwidth, commonly used
to connect to medium and large companies, to remote exchanges and in many cases
between exchanges.
Echo cancellation: The elimination of reflected signals in a two-way transmission
generated by some types of telephone equipment, used in data transmission to improve
voice quality.
ECN: Electronic Communication Network.
ECS: Electronic Communication Service.
Ethernet: It is a type of network technology for local area networks.It allows
for network communication by using either coaxial or twisted pair cable.
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F
Firewall: It is an integrated deducted Security software/appliance
to prevent unauthorized electronic access to a networked computer system. Firewalls
prevent traffic before it arrives at network routers and switches, or between router/switch
and PC, or both. Since the task of firewalls is to avoid access from specific packets
over specific network ports, however some firewalls be configured to allow VoIP
traffic to pass through particularly.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): It is a network Communications protocol governing
the transfer of files from one computer to another over a network.
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G
GATEWAY: A gateway is hardware device to convert protocol, i.e. a node that
connects networks using different protocols as result data can be exchanged flawlessly
between endpoints. For instance, a POTS-to-VoIP Gateway connects the public phone
network and packet-switched networks, translating the voice/data into IP packets.
H
Hosted VoIP: It is a business phone system which provides the features of
traditional PBX without the hardware sitting at customers premises, so that customer
only needs a VoIP phone at their location to utilise the telephony features. The
signalling transmits over the internet to the provider who hosts the servers, the
customer connects from IP phones connected to their router.
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I
IP Phone: An IP phone uses Voice over IP technologies allowing telephone
calls to be made over an IP network such as the internet instead of the ordinary
PSTN system. An IP phone is more computer like, allowing advanced feature
sets and other software functionality.
Internet Telephony: The fact of using the internet to make telephone calls,
not considering of the device used.
IP (Internet Protocol): The “language” used to exchange data over the Internet.
Interconnection: Where one public Electronic Communications Network is linked
to another in order users of both networks to communicate with one another.
Interoperability: The technical features of a group of interconnected systems
that ensure end to end provision of a given service in a consistent and predictable
way.
IP ADDRESS: That is numerical identification is assigned t devices participating
in a computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol
to find each other on the internet. The IP address format is a sequence of four
numbers, each from 0 to 255, separated by dots, for example, 172.16.254.1.
IP PBX: Internet Protocol Private Branch Exchange is a phone system designed
to deliver voice over a data network and interoperate with the normal Public Switched
Telephone Network PSTN. Unlike a conventional PBX that involves with two separate
networks, for data and voice, an IP PBX is designed on both and can be used with
compatible phones.
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): That is a telephone system network
designed so that digital transmission of voice and data passes over regular telephone
copper wires.
IVR (Integrated Voice Response): An automated system that speaks to callers
to guide them through the options of a voice menu. With touchtone keypad entries
to interact with the software, you get voice responses in real time data.
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J
JITTER: The variation, (usually measured in milliseconds), between packets
arriving at their destination, which is caused by queuing, contention and other
effects on their travel through the network.
K
KBPS (Kilobit / Second): It is a unit to measure the speed of data transfer
– in general means 1000-bits per second.
L
LAN (Local Area Network): It is a computer network covering a small geographic
area like home, office, which is used to connect computers and other devices together
through cabling or wireless connections enabling data to be sent from one point
to another. These machines often share printers and access to file servers.
Latency: The time it takes data to pass through from one point on a network
to another point, usually measured in milliseconds.
LLU (Local Loop Unbundling): It is a process by which BT’s exchange lines
are physically disconnected from BT’s network and connected to other operator’s
networks. This enables operators rather than BT to use the BT local loop to provide
services to customers.
Landline: A conventional phone line that involves metal wire, or optical
fibre cabling to make connections. It is different from mobile lines which make
use of airwaves to set up connections.
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M
MAC Address (Media Access Control Address): It is an address (made up of
numbers and letters) which assigned to hardware that uniquely identifies its place
on the global network.
MBPS (Megabit Per Second): It is a unit to measure the speed of data transfer/
in general means a million-bits per second.
MPF (Metallic Path Facilities): Those are a pair of copper wires that run
from a Main Distribution Frame at a telephone company local exchange to the end
user’s home or business site.
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N
Naked DSL: It is a DSL service provided without existing PSTN line Voice
service.
NGA: Next Generation Access.
NGN: Next Generation Network.
NP (Number Portability): The ability of a UK telephone customer to keep their
phone number if they switch to another telephone provider.
NVS (New Voice Service): It is a phrase used by Ofcom in a pervious consultation
to describe new VoIP Service.
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O
Ofcom (Office of Communications): The regulator for the communication industries,
created by the Communications ACT 2003.
Oftel (Office of Telecommunications): Their tasks transferred to Ofcom on
29 December 2003.
OTAP (Over the Air Provisioning): It is a method to configure a mobile device,
typically a mobile phone or PDA via sending the configuration settings by text message
or a data call Ability.
P
PACKET: It is a formatted unit of data in the idea to transmit them over
a network so each single packet can be sent along the best possible route to its
destination. Packets are de-constructed on one end of the communication and re-constructed
on the receiving end based on the header addressing information at the front of
each packet.
PACKET-SWITCHED: The principal goals of packet switching are to optimize
utilization of available link capacity and to increase the robustness of communication.
It chops messages into small packets before sending them. All packets are addressed
and coded so they can be recompiled at their destination.
Packet Loss: Throughout a transmission some of the data which is sent in
packets are lost due to latency, congestion at a router or other network problems.
PATS: Publicly Available Telephony Services, a category of ECS.
PBX (Private Branch Exchange): It connects the internal telephones of a private
organization (business) and also connects them to the public switched telephone
network (PSTN).
PDA: Personal Digital Assistant.
PECN: Public Electronic Communication Network.
PECS: Public Electronic Communication Service.
POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service, Post Office Telephone System): A standard
telephone line that BT handled exclusively before the deregulation of the telephone
industry.
PRI (Primary rate interface): It is a telecommunication standard that most
expected to be found in business service and is in general used for carrying multiple
voice and data transmissions between two physical locations. Each T1 circuit contains
24 separate channels. A PRI reserves one channel to carry special signalling
and other information such as Caller ID, etc. for the other remaining channels.
Protocol: That is the set of convention or standard rules that control or
enable for data representation, signalling, authentication, and error detection
required to send information over a communications channel.
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network): The traditional telephone network
of wires, signals, and switches allowing one phone connect to another anywhere in
the world. Some VoIP services provide a gateway from the Internet to the PSTN and
vice versa.
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R
RJ-11: The typical 4 or 6 wire connector used to connect telephone equipment.
RJ-45: An 8 wire connector used to connect Ethernet connections in computers,
routers, and other Internet devices.
S
Service Provider: A provider of electronic communication services to third
parties.
SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line): This is a type of DSL an internet
connection which allows for higher -speed connection over copper telephone lines.
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol): An ASCII-based protocol that provides
telephony services alike to H.323 however is less complex and uses fewer resources.
SIP creates, modifies, and ends sessions with one or more applicants. Such sessions
contain Internet telephony and multimedia conferences. SIP is a request-response
protocol, dealing with requests from clients and responses from servers initiating
an interactive user session.
SIP Trunk: A SIP trunk is a service offered by an ITSP (Internet Telephony
Service Provider) that allows businesses that have a PBX installed to use Voice-over-IP
(VoIP) also outside the enterprise network by using the same connection as the Internet
connection. For businesses to take full advantage of their premise IP-PBXs which
communicate over IP within the enterprise, they can have a SIP trunk configured
to connect to a traditional PSTN network though an Internet SIP connection.
Soft phone/PC phone: It is mainly a desktop program that resembles a handset
on your screen, allowing you to make calls with an earpiece or speakers and microphone.
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T
T1: A digital transmission link with a capacity of 1.544 Mbps using two pairs
of normal twisted wires. T1s usually have 24 voice channels, each one of 64
Kbps.
T38: A recognized standard for sending fax transmissions over an IP network
in real time mode.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): The transport layer protocol developed
for the ARPA net which covers layers 4 and 5 of the OSI model. By combining TCP
and IP --“TCP/IP” – a connection between two hosts (callers) is made to send messages
back and forth. A TCP segment consists of two sections (header and date).
TDM (Time-Division Multiplexing): It is a method to send multiple digital
signals or (rarely) analog multiplexing
along a single telecommunications transmission path. In its primary form, TDM is
used for circuit mode communication with a fixed number of channels and constant
bandwidth per channel.
Trunk Line: These are the phone lines coming into the PBX from the telephone provider,
verses extensions that characteristically connect to desk phones.
Telephony: The procedure to convert or transmit voice or other signals over
a distance, and then re-converting them to an audible sound at the far end.
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V
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): The transmission of voice over the Internet
like digital packets rather than the traditional circuit-committed protocols of
the PSTN. VoIP utilizes real-time protocols (RTP) in order to facilitate the
packets get transported in a timely way.
VPN (Virtual Private Network): A private communications network generally
used within enterprises to communicate over a public network using secure protocols.
VPN using tunnelling so that IP traffic is securely encrypted between two end users.
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W
WAN (Wide Area Network): A computer network that covers broad geographically
area that encompasses routers and other devices over a large area and can route
that data to the proper endpoint.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity): Wi-Fi is a wireless technology a trademark of
the Wi-Fi Alliance, founded in 1999 to progress the interoperability of wireless
local area network products based on the IEEE 802.11 standards.
Wi-Fi Mobile: A mobile phone capable to make both GSM and VoIP calls via
a Wi-Fi internet connection.
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